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Pancoast tumor: relationship with Horner's syndrome

"Horner has a MAP of the Coast":
A panCoast tumor is a cancer of the lung apex that compresses the cervical sympathetic plexus, causing Horner's syndrome, which is MAP:
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Ptosis
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---Derek Obayashi Chicago Medical School

Pericarditis: findings

PERICarditis:
Pulsus paradoxus
ECG changes
Rub
Increased JVP
Chest pain [worse on inspiration, better when lean forward]
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---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Calculi: types

CAlCUli:
Calcium
Ammonium magnesium phosphate
Cystine
Uric acid
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---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Fat embolism: findings

"Fat, Bat, Fract":
Fat in urine, sputum
Bat-wing lung x-ray
Fracture history
· Also, fracture of FEMur causes Fat EMboli.
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---Robert O'Connor & Rinku Uberoi

Histiocytosis X: hallmark finding

"Birbeck's rackets is X":
Tennis rackets under electron microscope is Histiocystosis X.
Consider 2 tennis rackets in an X formation.
· See diagram.

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---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Pulmonary fibrosis: differential of both upper and lower lobes

BREAST SCAR:
· Upper lobe:
Beryliosis
Radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB
· Lower lobe:
Systemic sclerosis
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Asbestosis
Radiation
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---Lyndon Mason 4th Year Medical Student

Gout vs. pseudogout: crystal lab findings

Pseduogout crystals are:
Positive birefringent
Polygon shaped
· Gout therefore is the negative needle shaped crystals.
· Also, gout classically strikes great Toe, and its hallmark is Tophi.

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---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Pulmonary embolism: risk factors

7 H's:
Hereditary (eg factor V Leyden, protein C or S deficiency)
History (previous DVT or PE)
Hypomobility (fracture, CVA, severe illness, obesity, long trip)
Hypovolaemia (nephrotic syndrome, dehydration)
Hypercoagulability (smoking, malignancy)
Hormones (oestrogens [esp. in OCP], puerperium)
Hyperhomocysteinaemia
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---Fahed Al-Daour Med Student

APKD: signs, complications, accelerators

11 B's:
· Signs:
Bloody urine
Bilateral pain [vs. stones, which are usually unilateral pain]
Blood pressure up
Bigger kidneys
Bumps palpable
· Complications:
Berry aneurysm
Biliary cysts
Bicuspid valve [prolapse and other problems]
· Accelerators:
Boys
Blacks
Blood pressure high
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---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Barter's syndrome: pathogenesis, major sign

Barter: "In exchange for giving away Na+,K+,Cl-, you can drop the blood pressure".
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---Samuel Atom Baek-Kim Tuckahoe, New York